Native Amemicans – Amérindiens
Les Amérindiens sont les indigènes des Amériques. Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi et Piazza ont confirmé que les Amérindiens formaient un cluster génétique distinct.
- Q.I des Amérindiens en Amérique du nord
- Q.I des Amérindiens en Amérique Latine
- Q.I des hybrides Amérindiens-Européens
- Capacité crânienne des Amérindiens et des Européens
- Q.I des Hispaniques
1. Q.I des Amérindiens en Amérique du nord
La valeur moyenne est de 86.
Table 12.1. IQs of Native Americans in North America
COUNTRY | AGE | N | TEST | IQ | VERB | VIS | REFERENCE | |
1 | USA | 6/11 | 715 | Otis | 86 | – | – | Hunter & Sommermier, 1922 |
2 | USA | 9/13 | 1102 | National | 69 | – | – | Garth, 1925 |
3 | USA | 5/9 | 961 | Pinter/Nat | 85 | – | – | Haught, 1934 |
4 | USA | 9/14 | 1000 | Otis | 70 | – | – | Garth and Smith, 1937 |
5 | USA | 6/11 | 323 | McArthur | 88 | – | – | Havighurst et al., 1944 |
6 | USA | 6/13 | 205 | CPM | 93 | – | – | Turner & Penfold, 1952 |
7 | USA | 16 | 100 | WAIS | 86 | 82 | 91 | Howell et al., 1958 |
8 | USA | 6/15 | 281 | SPM | 85 | – | – | West & MacArthur, 1964 |
9 | USA | 8/17 | 4994 | – | 91 | 87 | – | Coleman, 1966 |
10 | Canada | 6/14 | 124 | CF | 76 | – | – | Gaddes et al., 1968 |
11 | Canada | 13 | 137 | SPM | 94 | – | – | Bowd, 1973 |
12 | Canada | 5/11 | 111 | CPM | 92 | – | – | Cropley & Cardey, 1975 |
13 | USA | 6/20 | 160 | WISC | 90 | 70 | 90 | St. John et al., 1976 |
14 | Canada | 6/13 | 177 | WISC-R | 82 | 80 | 85 | Seyfort et al., 1980 |
15 | USA | 6/13 | 177 | WISC-R | 87 | – | 87 | Teeter et al., 1982 |
16 | USA | 6/12 | 236 | WISC-R | 94 | 88 | 100 | McShane & Plas, 1984 |
17 | USA | 6/16 | 200 | WISC-R | 93 | – | 93 | Browne, 1984 |
18 | USA | 14 | 124 | SPM | 87 | – | – | Sidles & MacAvoy, 1987 |
19 | Canada | 11 | 50 | R/V/S | 87 | 79 | 87 | Vernon, 1987 |
20 | USA | 6/16 | 1129 | SPM | 93 | – | – | Raven & Court, 1989 |
21 | USA | 6/16 | 240 | WISC-R | 72 | 68 | 78 | Reynolds et al., 1999 |
22 | USA | 6/15 | 691 | WISC-R | 80 | 83 | 89 | Beiser & Gotowiec, 2000 |
23 | USA | 9 | 99 | WAIS | 84 | 84 | – | Tsethlikai, 2011 |
2. Q.I des Amérindiens en Amérique Latine
La valeur moyenne est de 86.
Table 12.3. IQs of Native Americans in Latin America
COUNTRY | AGE | N | TEST | IQ | REFERENCE | |
1 | Colombia | 4 | 120 | QR | 84 | Ginsburg et al., 1997 |
2 | Ecuador | 6/7 | 48 | DAM | 89 | Dodge, 1969 |
3 | Ecuador | 17 | 120 | WISC-R | 88 | Fierro-Benitez et al., 1989 |
4 | Ecuador | 5/17 | 104 | MAT | 80 | Proctor et al., 2000 |
5 | Ecuador | 8 | 41 | CPM | 91 | Counter et al., 1998 |
6 | Guatemala | 6/12 | 256 | DAM | 79 | Johnson et al., 1967 |
7 | Mexico | 6/13 | 520 | DAM | 87 | Modiano, 1962 |
8 | Mexico | 6/12 | 197 | DAM | 92 | Laosa et al., 1974 |
9 | Mexico | 7/11 | 194 | SPM | 83 | Lynn et al., 2005 |
10 | Mexico | 15 | - | PISA | 86 | Lynn & Mikk, 2009 |
11 | Peru | 8/11 | 4382 | CPM | 87 | Raven et al., 1995 |
12 | Peru | 6/7 | 300 | WISC | 85 | Llanos, 1974 |
3. Q.I des hybrides Amérindiens-Européens
Table 12.4. IQs of Native American-European Hybrids
Location | Age | Test | Europeans | Hybrids | Amerinds | Reference | ||||
N | IQ | N | IQ | N | IQ | |||||
1 | Kansas | Adult | OTIS | - | 100 | 536 | 93 | 179 | 67 | Hunter & Sommermeir, 1922 |
2 | South Dakota | 10-15 | OTIS | - | 100 | 68 | 89 | 15 | 86 | Fitzgerald & Ludeman, 1925 |
3 | Mexico | 7-10 | SPM | 155 | 98 | 571 | 94 | 194 | 83 | Lynn et al., 2005 |
4. Capacité crânienne des Amérindiens en comparaison avec les Européens
Table 12.5. Brain sizes (cc) of Native Americans and Europeans
Europeans | Native Americans | Difference | Reference | |
1 | 1,426 | 1,420 | 6 | Gould, 1981 |
2 | 1,369 | 1,366 | 3 | Beals et al., 1984 |
3 | 1,319 | 1,240 | 79 | Jurgens et al., 1990 |
5. Q.I des Hispaniques (hybrides Africains-Européens-Amérindiens dans des proportions variées)
La valeur moyenne est de 89.
Table 12.6. IQs of Hispanics in the United States
COUNTRY | AGE | N | TEST | IQ | VER | VIS | REFERENCE | |
1 | N. Mexico | 6/12 | 100 | Binet | 89 | - | - | Sheldon, 1924 |
2 | USA | 6/12 | 367 | DAM | 87 | - | - | Goodenough, 1926b |
3 | California | 6/13 | 2025 | SPM/LT/SA | 91 | 90 | - | Jensen, 1973b |
4 | California | 6/12 | 644 | CPM/PPVT | 90 | 84 | - | Jensen, 1974 |
5 | California | 7/13 | 608 | CPM/SPM | 95 | - | - | Jensen, 1974 |
6 | California | 6/11 | 597 | CPM | 83 | - | - | Raven, 1986 |
7 | Texas | 6/11 | 434 | CPM | 94 | - | - | Raven, 1986 |
8 | Texas | 9/12 | 404 | SPM | 84 | - | - | Raven, 1986 |
9 | USA | 12/23 | 111 | SB4 | 99 | - | - | Thorndike et al., 1986 |
10 | USA | 3/18 | 550 | PPVT-R | 87 | 87 | - | Dunn, 1988 |
11 | Puerto Rico | 8/15 | 2911 | SPM | 84 | - | - | Raven & Court, 1989 |
12 | Puerto Rico | 5/11 | 2400 | SPM | 83 | - | - | Raven et al., 1995 |
13 | USA | 20/90 | 37 | K-BIT | 93 | 85 | - | Kaufman & Wang, 1992 |
14 | USA | 14/22 | 3120 | AFQT | 86 | - | - | Herrnstein & Murray, 1994 |
15 | USA | 11/93 | 140 | KAIT | 92 | 87 | - | Kaufman et al., 1994 |
16 | USA | 16/74 | 1736 | GATB | 88 | 91 | 94 | Avolio & Waldman, 1994 |
17 | USA | 6/16 | 242 | WISC-111 | 91 | 89 | 95 | Prifitera et al., 1998 |
18 | Arizona | 6/16 | 223 | WISC-R | 81 | 81 | 83 | Reynolds et al., 1999 |
19 | USA | 20/89 | 163 | WAIS-111 | 92 | 89 | 96 | Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 2002 |
20 | USA | Adults | - | Meta-analysis | 89 | - | - | Roth et al., 2001 |
21 | USA | 5/17 | 77 | UNIT | 93 | - | 87 | Kane, 2007 |
Références pour l’ensemble de la page: « Race differences in intelligence. An evolutionary Analysis », Chapitre 12 pp.101-109, Richard Lynn, Washington Summit Publisher, 1ère édition 2006 et 2ème édition 2015.